How Do Heat Pumps Work?

Heat naturally flows from a warmer place to a cooler place. However, heat pumps use a special fluid that constantly evaporates and condenses in a closed circuit controlled by valves and a compressor in order to reverse this natural process. In heating applications, heat is removed from ambient air or from water, soil or bedrock using a heat ‘collection loop’ and delivered to where it is needed, usually into the heating and hot water systems of the house. Heat pumps need electricity to run but they use less electrical energy than the heat energy they generate.



This makes them much more efficient than other electrical heating options. Typically you only need one unit of electricity to deliver two to three units of heat with a heat pump. Because heat pumps need electricity to run there will still be some resulting carbon dioxide emissions, although these can be lower than for other heating systems.

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